Malang tour
Опис
Malang City has a long history, starting from ancient times. The city which was founded in the Dutch era has experienced various important events, ranging from the glory of the kingdoms in the archipelago to the massive city development by the Dutch Colonial Government. The city was founded on April 1, 1914 as a township.
Etymology
The origin of the naming of Malang is still debated by historians. The name "Malang" first appeared in the Pamotoh / Ukirnegara Inscription (1120 Saka / 1198 AD) which was discovered on January 11, 1975 by a Bantaran plantation administrator in Wlingi District, Blitar Regency.
Malang here refers to an area east of Gunung Kawi. Although it has been known that the use of Malang has been going on since at least the 12th century AD, it is uncertain the origin of the naming of the region.
The first hypothesis refers to the name of a sacred building called Malangkuçeçwara (pronounced [malaŋkuʃeʃworo]). The holy building is mentioned in two inscriptions of King Balitung from Ancient Mataram, namely the Mantyasih Inscription in 907 AD and the Inscription 908 AD. Experts still have not reached an agreement where the building is located. On one hand, there are a number of experts who say that the Malangkuçeçwara building is located in the area of Mount Buring, a longitudinal mountain to the east of Malang where there is one of its peaks called "Malang". The other side on the other hand suspected that the actual location of the sacred building was in the Tumpang area, Malang Regency. In the area, there is a village called Malangsuka, which according to historians comes from the word Malangkuça (pronounced [malankuʃoː]) which is pronounced upside down. This opinion is reinforced by the existence of ancient relics around Tumpang such as Jago Temple and Kidal Temple which are the territory of the Singhasari Kingdom.
The name Malangkuçeçwara consists of 3 words, namely mala which means sleaze, fraud, falsehood, and evil, angkuça (pronounced [aŋkuʃo]) which means to destroy or destroy, and içwara (pronounced [iʃworo]) which means God. Therefore, Malangkuçeçwara means "God has destroyed the vanity".
The second hypothesis refers to a story of the invasion of the Mataram Sultanate forces to Malang in 1614 led by Tumenggung Alap-Alap. According to folklore, there was a conversation between Tumenggung Alap-Alap and one of his assistants about the condition of the Malang area before the attack began. The assistant from Tumenggung Alap-Alap referred to residents and soldiers from the area as residents who "prevented" (unfortunate in Javanese) from the Mataram army. After the conquest, the Mataram named the area Malang.
The Malang region in the Pleistocene era was still a deep basin flanked by volcanic activity from mountains such as the Cretaceous Mountains in the South, Kawi Mountain and Kelud Mountain in the West, Anjasmoro, Welirang, and Arjuna Mountain Complexes in the North and Northeast, and the Tengger Mountain Complex in the North East. The basin has not yet been inhabited by humans due to its condition still in the form of lava flows and hot lava from the surrounding mountains. Towards the rainy season, the Malang basin is filled with water that flows through mountain slopes leading to a number of rivers and forms an ancient swamp. The swamps expanded to create an ancient lake.
When ancient lakes did not dry up, ancient human civilization was still at the stage of Hunting and Collecting Food from the early to the advanced stages. The settlement is still on the slopes of mountains and mountains that surround Malang in the form of natural caves. Therefore it is understandable if the discovery of artifacts in the paleolithic and mesolithic periods are found in mountainous areas, such as on the slopes of Mount Kawi, Arjuno, Welirang, Tengger, Semeru and the Southern Kapur Mountains.
The ancient lake of Malang gradually dried up in the Holocene era and caused the Malang region to become the Malang highlands. When it began to enter the Cultivation Period, the ancient humans gradually began to descend the mountains and made a number of settlements and agricultural areas. The discovery of a number of artifacts in the form of two square pickaxes, chiscedon chisel tools and hand-held axes of andesite stone to the east of Mount Kawi precisely in the Kacuk area around the Metro and Brantas rivers reinforce this assumption. [8] In addition, research estimates that the forms of dwelling during this transitional period take the form of houses on stilts, where the body of the house is supported by the legs of the house and is a few meters from the ground surface. This is reinforced by the discovery of artifacts in the form of "Watu Gong" or "Watu Kenong" in Dinoyo, Lowokwaru, Malang, whose form is similar to traditional musical instruments, namely gongs, which actually are the base or foundation of a stilt house. [8] The growth of settlements around the river that flows in Malang became the forerunner to the ancient civilizations of the Homo sapiens.